Conversion of measurements

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GENERAL CONVERSION

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

inches

millimeters

25.4

millimeters

inches

0.0394

inches

centimeters

2.54

centimeters

inches

0.3937

feet

meters

0.3048

meters

feet

3.281

yards

meters

0.9144

meters

yards

1.094

miles

kilometers

1.609

kilometers

miles

0.6214

sq inches

sq centimeters

6.452

sq centimeters

sq inches

0.155

sq meters

sq feet

10.76

sq feet

sq meters

0.0929

sq yards

sq meters

0.8361

sq meters

sq yards

1.196

sq miles

sq kilometers

2.589

sq kilometers

sq miles

0.3861

acres

hectares

0.4047

hectares

acres

2.471

cu inches

cu centimeters

16.39

cu centimeters

cu inches

0.06102

cu feet

cu meters

0.02832

cu meters

cu feet

35.315

cu yards

cu meters

0.7646

cu meters

cu yards

1.308

cu inches

liters

0.01639

liters

cu inches

61.03

pints

liters

0.5682

liters

pints

1.76

US pints

liters

0.47311

liters

US pints

2.114

US gallon

liters

3.785

gallons

liters

4.546

liters

US gallons

0.02642

liters

gallons

0.22

grains

grams

0.0648

grams

grains

15.43

ounces

grams

28.35

grams

ounces

0.03527

pounds

grams

453.6

grams

pounds

0.002205

pounds

kilograms

0.4536

kilograms

pounds

2.205

tons

kilograms

1016.05

kilograms

tons

0.0009842

 

LINEAR MEASURE

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

Inches

millimeters

25.4

millimeters

inches

0.0394

inches

centimeters

2.54

centimeters

inches

0.3937

feet

meters

0.3048

meters

feet

3.281

yards

meters

0.9144

meters

yards

1.094

miles

kilometers

1.609

kilometers

miles

0.6214

nautical miles

kilometers

1.852

nautical miles

miles

1.150779

 

1 centimeter = 10 mm

1 decimeter = 10 cm

1 meter  =  100 cm

1 kilometer =  1,000 m

1 foot = 12 inches

1 yard = 3 feet

1 (statute) mile= 1,760 yards

1 int. nautical mile= 1.150779 miles

 

 

AREA

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

sq inches

sq millimeters

645.16

sq millimeters

sq inches

0.001550

sq inches

sq centimeters

6.452

sq centimeters

sq inches

0.155

sq feet

sq centimeters

929.03

sq centimeters

sq feet

0.001076

sq meters

sq feet

10.76

sq feet

sq meters

0.0929

sq yards

sq meters

0.8361

sq meters

sq yards

1.196

sq miles

sq kilometers

2.5899

sq miles

hectares

0.25899

hectares

sq miles

3.8612

sq kilometers

sq miles

0.3861

acres

sq meters

4046.86

sq meters

acres

0.0000247

acres

hectares

0.4047

hectares

acres

2.471

 

1 square foot  =  144 sq. in.

1 square yard = 9 sq. ft

1 acre =  4,840 sq. yd

1 square mile =  640 acres

 

1 square meter = 10,000 sq. cm

1 are = 119.6 sq. yards

1 are = 100 square meters

1 hectare = 100 ares = 2.471 acres

1 square kilometer = 100 hectares

 

 

VOLUME

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

cu inches

cu centimeters

16.39

cu centimeters

cu inches

0.06102

cu inches:

cu decimeters

16.387

cu feet

cu meters

0.02832

cu meters

cu feet

35.315

cu feet

cu inches

1,728

cu feet

cu decimeters

28.316

cu yards

cu meters

0.7646

cu meters

cu yards

1.308

cu inches

liters

0.01639

liters

cu inches

61.03

 

1 cubic meter = 1,000,000 cu. cm

 

 

CAPACITY

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

fluid ounce

liters

0.0284

fluid ounce

cu inches

1.8047

US fluid ounce

liters

0.0296

US fluid ounce

cu inches

1.878

gills

liters

0.1421

pint

cu inches

34.68

pints

liters

0.568

liters

pints

1.7606

US pints

liters

0.4731

liters

US pints

2.114

US pints

cu inches

28.88

cu inches

US pints

0.0347

quarts

liters

1.136

US quarts

liters

0.9463

gallons

liters

4.546

US gallons

liters

3.785

peck

liters

9.092

bushel

liters

36.4

US barrels

cubic meters

0.159

 

1 US pint = 16 fluid oz

1 gill = 5 fluid oz

1 pint = 20 fluid oz

1 quart = 2 pints

1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 peck = 2 gallons

1 bushel = 4 pecks

1 centiliter = 10 ml = 0.018 pint

1 deciliter = 10 cl  = 0.176 pint

1 liter = 1000 ml = 1.76 pints

1 liter = 1 cubic decimeters

1 deciliter = 10 l = 2.20 gallons

1 hectoliter = 100 l = 2.75 bushels

1 kiloliter = 1,000 l = 3.44 quarters

 

 

MASS and WEIGHT

Commonly used values

 

From

To

Multiply by

grams

grains

15.43

grains

grams

0.0648

ounces

grams

28.349

grams

ounces

0.03527

pounds

grams

453.59

grams

pounds

0.002205

pounds

kilograms

0.45359

kilograms

pounds

2.205

tons

kilograms

1016.05

kilograms

tons

0.0009842

tons

tonnes

1.016

tonnes

tons

0.9842

 

stones: kilograms = 6.350

quarters: kilograms = 12.700

centals: kilograms = 45.359

hundredweights: kilograms = 50.802

 

1 milligram = 0.015 grain

1 centigram = 10 mg = 0.154 grain

1 decigram = 100 mg = 1.543 grains

1 gram = 1000 mg = 15.43 grains

1 decagram = 10 g = 5.64 drams

1 hectogram = 100 g = 3.527 ounces

1 kilogram = 1,000 g = 2.205 pounds

1 tonne (metric ton) = 0.9842 (long) ton= 1,000 kg

the decagram is sometimes spelled dekagram

 

 

Force

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

kilonewtons

pounds (f)

224.8

pounds (f)

kilonewtons

0.004448

kilonewtons

tons (f)

0.10036

tons (f)

kilonewtons

9.96401

kilonewtons

kilograms (f)

102.0

kilograms (f)

kilonewtons

0.009807

 

 

Fuel consumption

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

miles/gallon

kilometers/liter

0.3539

kilometers/liter

miles/gallon

2.825

miles/US gallon

kilometers/liter

0.4250

kilometers/liter

miles/US gallon

2.353

gallons/mile

liters/ kilometer

2.825

liters/ kilometer

gallons/mile

0.3540

 

 

American Dry Measurements

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

pint

cu. in.

33.60

pint

liter

0.550

quart

liters

1.101

peck (8 quarts)

liters

8.81

bushel (4 pecks)

liters

35.3

 

 

American to Imperial Capacity measurements

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

US fluid ounce

fluid ounce

1.0408

fluid ounce

US fluid ounce

0.9608

US pint

pint

0.8327

pint

US pint

1.201

US gallon

gallon

0.8327

gallon

US gallon

1.201

 

 

Velocity

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

miles/hour

kilometers/hour

1.609

kilometers/ hour

miles/hour

0.6117

feet/second

meters/second

0.305

meters/second

feet/second

3.279

feet/minute

meters/second

0.00508

meters/ second

feet/minute

196.74

feet/minute

meters/minute

0.305

 

 

Pressure

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

pounds/in2

kilonewtons/m2

6.895

pounds/in2

Atmosphere

0.0680

pounds/in2

Kilograms/m2

9.80665

Pascal

pounds/in2

14.696

Pascal

feet/second

3.279

Pascal

Kilograms/m2

703.07

Kilograms/m2

pounds/in2

0.001422

Kilograms/m2

Atmosphere

9.68X10-5

Kilograms/m2

Pascal

9.8067

Atmosphere

pounds/in2

14.696

Atmosphere

Pascal

101,325

Atmosphere

Kilograms/m2

10,332

newton/m2

pascal

1.000

kilopascal

kilonewton/m2

1.000

 

 

Torque

 

 

From

To

Multiply by

Newton Meters

Foot Pound

0.7376

Newton Meters

Kilogram Force Meters

0.1020

Foot Pounds

Newton Meters

1.356

Foot Pounds

Kilogram Force Meters

0.1383

Kilogram Force Meters

Foot Pound

7.233

Kilogram Force Meters

Newton Meters

9.807

inch Pound

Foot Pound

12

 

 

Temperature Conversion        

C to F first deduct 32, Multiply by 5 then Divide by 9        

F to C Multiply by 9, Divide by 5, Add 32

 

 

Avoirdupois Weight is the system of weights used in most English Speaking countries.

1 dram= 1.772 grams

1 ounce = 16 drams

1 pound = 16 ounces= 7,000 grains

1 stone = 14 pounds

1 hundredweight = 112 pounds (US 100 pounds)

1 short ton= 0.907 tonne = 2,000 pounds

1 (long) ton = 20 hundredweight = 2,240 pounds

Troy Weight (Precious Metals)

24 grains = 1 pennyweight

20 pennyweights = 480 grains = 1 ounce

12 ounces = 5760 = grains = 1 pound

Apothecaries' Weight

20 grains = 1 scruple

3 scruples = 1 dram

8 drams = 1 ounce

12 ounces = 5760 grains = 1 pound

 

Archaic and less frequently used linear measure

3 hands = 1 foot

1 span 9 inches

1 rod, pole or perch = 16.5 feet

40 poles = 1 furlong 

8 furlongs = 1 mile

320 rods = 1 mile

3 miles = 1 league

Nautical miles and Knots

10 cables = 1 nautical mile

6080 feet = 1 nautical mile

1 Knot = 1.151 mph

The nautical mile is defined as the average distance on the earth's surface

corresponding to an angle of 1 minute of arc. A speed of one nautical miles

per hour is known as the knot. The International Nautical mile is accepted

by the Royal Navy (1970) as being equal to 1852 meters.  As the earth is

not a perfect sphere, but is an oblate spheroid, the distance corresponding

to one minute of arc will vary depending on location. The value of 6080 feet

is a compromise and is the value as measured at some point in the

English channel

 

Depth

6 feet = 1 fathom

15 fathom = 1 shackle

 

Power

horsepower - 745.7 Watts (SI) or 735.5 Watts (Continental Europe)

 

 

The US ASCII Character Set

US ASCII, ANSI X3.4-1986 (ISO 646 International Reference Version)

 

Codes 0  through 31 and 127 (decimal) are unprintable control characters.

Code  32 (decimal) is a nonprinting spacing characer.

Codes 33 through 126 (decimal) are printable graphic characters.

 

Legend:

Char     The printed representation of the character, if any

Dec      The decimal code for the character

Row/Col  The decimal row/column representation for the character

Oct      The octal (base 8) code for the character

Hex      The hexadecimal (base 16) code for the character

 

Char

Dec

Col/Row

Oct

Hex

Name

 

Description

 

 

0

00/00

00

00

NUL

(Ctrl-@)

NULL

 

 

1

00/01

01

01

SOH

(Ctrl-A)

START OF HEADING

 

 

2

00/02

02

02

STX

(Ctrl-B)

START OF TEXT

 

 

3

00/03

03

03

ETX

(Ctrl-C)

END OF TEXT

 

 

4

00/04

04

04

EOT

(Ctrl-D)

END OF TRANSMISSION

 

 

5

00/05

05

05

ENQ

(Ctrl-E)

ENQUIRY

 

 

6

00/06

06

06

ACK

(Ctrl-F)

ACKNOWLEDGE

 

 

7

00/07

07

07

BEL

(Ctrl-G)

BELL (Beep)

 

 

8

00/08

10

08

BS

(Ctrl-H)

BACKSPACE

 

 

9

00/09

11

09

HT

(Ctrl-I)

HORIZONTAL TAB

 

 

10

00/10

12

0A

LF

(Ctrl-J)

LINE FEED

 

 

11

00/11

13

0B

VT

(Ctrl-K)

VERTICAL TAB

 

 

12

00/12

14

0C

FF

(Ctrl-L)

FORM FEED

 

 

13

00/13

15

0D

CR

(Ctrl-M)

CARRIAGE RETURN

 

 

14

00/14

16

0E

SO

(Ctrl-N)

SHIFT OUT

 

 

15

00/15

17

0F

SI

(Ctrl-O)

SHIFT IN

 

 

16

01/00

20

10

DLE

(Ctrl-P)

DATA LINK ESCAPE

 

 

17

01/01

21

11

DC1

(Ctrl-Q)

DEVICE CONTROL 1 (XON)

 

 

18

01/02

22

12

DC2

(Ctrl-R)

DEVICE CONTROL 2

 

 

19

01/03

23

13

DC3

(Ctrl-S)

DEVICE CONTROL 3 (XOFF)

 

 

20

01/04

24

14

DC4

(Ctrl-T)

DEVICE CONTROL 4

 

 

21

01/05

25

15

NAK

(Ctrl-U)

NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE

 

 

22

01/06

26

16

SYN

(Ctrl-V)

SYNCHRONOUS IDLE

 

 

23

01/07

27

17

ETB

(Ctrl-W)

END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK

 

 

24

01/08

30

18

CAN

(Ctrl-X)

CANCEL

 

 

25

01/09

31

19

EM

(Ctrl-Y)

END OF MEDIUM

 

 

26

01/10

32

1A

SUB

(Ctrl-Z)

SUBSTITUTE

 

 

27

01/11

33

1B

ESC

(Ctrl-[)

ESCAPE

 

 

28

01/12

34

1C

FS

(Ctrl-\)

FILE SEPARATOR

 

 

29

01/13

35

1D

GS

(Ctrl-])

GROUP SEPARATOR

 

 

30

01/14

36

1E

RS

(Ctrl-^)

RECORD SEPARATOR

 

 

31

01/15

37

1F

US

(Ctrl-_)

UNIT SEPARATOR

 

( )

32

02/00

40

20

 

 

SPACE

 

(!)

33

02/01

41

21

 

 

EXCLAMATION MARK

 

(")

34

02/02

42

22

 

 

QUOTATION MARK

 

(#)

35

02/03

43

23

 

 

NUMBER SIGN

 

($)

36

02/04

44

24

 

 

DOLLAR SIGN

 

(%)

37

02/05

45

25

 

 

PERCENT SIGN

 

(&)

38

02/06

46

26

 

 

AMPERSAND

 

(')

39

02/07

47

27

 

 

APOSTROPHE

 

(()

40

02/08

50

28

 

 

LEFT PARENTHESIS

 

())

41

02/09

51

29

 

 

RIGHT PARENTHESIS

 

(*)

42

02/10

52

2A

 

 

ASTERISK

 

(+)

43

02/11

53

2B

 

 

PLUS SIGN

 

(,)

44

02/12

54

2C

 

 

COMMA

 

(-)

45

02/13

55

2D

 

 

HYPHEN

MINUS SIGN

(.)

46

02/14

56

2E

 

 

PERIOD

FULL STOP

(/)

47

02/15

57

2F

 

 

SOLIDUS

SLASH

(0)

48

03/00

60

30

 

 

DIGIT ZERO

 

(1)

49

03/01

61

31

 

 

DIGIT ONE

 

(2)

50

03/02

62

32

 

 

DIGIT TWO

 

(3)

51

03/03

63

33

 

 

DIGIT THREE

 

(4)

52

03/04

64

34

 

 

DIGIT FOUR

 

(5)

53

03/05

65

35

 

 

DIGIT FIVE

 

(6)

54

03/06

66

36

 

 

DIGIT SIX

 

(7)

55

03/07

67

37

 

 

DIGIT SEVEN

 

(8)

56

03/08

70

38

 

 

DIGIT EIGHT

 

(9)

57

03/09

71

39

 

 

DIGIT NINE

 

(:)

58

03/10

72

3A

 

 

COLON

 

(;)

59

03/11

73

3B

 

 

SEMICOLON

 

(<)

60

03/12

74

3C

 

 

LESS-THAN SIGN

LEFT ANGLE BRACKET

(=)

61

03/13

75

3D

 

 

EQUALS SIGN

 

(>)

62

03/14

76

3E

 

 

GREATER-THAN SIGN

RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET

(?)

63

03/15

77

3F

 

 

QUESTION MARK

 

(@)

64

04/00

100

40

 

 

COMMERCIAL AT SIGN

 

(A)

65

04/01

101

41

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER A

 

(B)

66

04/02

102

42

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER B

 

(C)

67

04/03

103

43

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER C

 

(D)

68

04/04

104

44

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER D

 

(E)

69

04/05

105

45

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER E

 

(F)

70

04/06

106

46

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER F

 

(G)

71

04/07

107

47

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER G

 

(H)

72

04/08

110

48

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER H

 

(I)

73

04/09

111

49

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER I

 

(J)

74

04/10

112

4A

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER J

 

(K)

75

04/11

113

4B

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER K

 

(L)

76

04/12

114

4C

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER L

 

(M)

77

04/13

115

4D

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER M

 

(N)

78

04/14

116

4E

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER N

 

(O)

79

04/15

117

4F

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER O

 

(P)

80

05/00

120

50

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER P

 

(Q)

81

05/01

121

51

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER Q

 

(R)

82

05/02

122

52

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER R

 

(S)

83

05/03

123

53

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER S

 

(T)

84

05/04

124

54

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER T

 

(U)

85

05/05

125

55

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER U

 

(V)

86

05/06

126

56

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER V

 

(W)

87

05/07

127

57

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER W

 

(X)

88

05/08

130

58

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER X

 

(Y)

89

05/09

131

59

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER Y

 

(Z)

90

05/10

132

5A

 

 

CAPITAL LETTER Z

 

([)

91

05/11

133

5B

 

 

LEFT SQUARE BRACKET

 

(\)

92

05/12

134

5C

 

 

REVERSE SOLIDUS (BACKSLASH)

 

(])

93

05/13

135

5D

 

 

RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET

 

(^)

94

05/14

136

5E

 

 

CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT

 

(_)

95

05/15

137

5F

 

 

LOW LINE

UNDERLINE

(`)

96

06/00

140

60

 

 

GRAVE ACCENT

 

(a)

97

06/01

141

61

 

 

SMALL LETTER a

 

(b)

98

06/02

142

62

 

 

SMALL LETTER b

 

(c)

99

06/03

143

63

 

 

SMALL LETTER c

 

(d)

100

06/04

144

64

 

 

SMALL LETTER d

 

(e)

101

06/05

145

65

 

 

SMALL LETTER e

 

(f)

102

06/06

146

66

 

 

SMALL LETTER f

 

(g)

103

06/07

147

67

 

 

SMALL LETTER g

 

(h)

104

06/08

150

68

 

 

SMALL LETTER h

 

(i)

105

06/09

151

69

 

 

SMALL LETTER i

 

(j)

106

06/10

152

6A

 

 

SMALL LETTER j

 

(k)

107

06/11

153

6B

 

 

SMALL LETTER k

 

(l)

108

06/12

154

6C

 

 

SMALL LETTER l

 

(m)

109

06/13

155

6D

 

 

SMALL LETTER m

 

(n)

110

06/14

156

6E

 

 

SMALL LETTER n

 

(o)

111

06/15

157

6F

 

 

SMALL LETTER o

 

(p)

112

07/00

160

70

 

 

SMALL LETTER p

 

(q)

113

07/01

161

71

 

 

SMALL LETTER q

 

(r)

114

07/02

162

72

 

 

SMALL LETTER r

 

(s)

115

07/03

163

73

 

 

SMALL LETTER s

 

(t)

116

07/04

164

74

 

 

SMALL LETTER t

 

(u)

117

07/05

165

75

 

 

SMALL LETTER u

 

(v)

118

07/06

166

76

 

 

SMALL LETTER v

 

(w)

119

07/07

167

77

 

 

SMALL LETTER w

 

(x)

120

07/08

170

78

 

 

SMALL LETTER x

 

(y)

121

07/09

171

79

 

 

SMALL LETTER y

 

(z)

122

07/10

172

7A

 

 

SMALL LETTER z

 

({)

123

07/11

173

7B

 

 

LEFT CURLY BRACKET

LEFT BRACE

(|)

124

07/12

174

7C

 

 

VERTICAL LINE

VERTICAL BAR

(})

125

07/13

175

7D

 

 

RIGHT CURLY BRACKET

RIGHT BRACE

(~)

126

07/14

176

7E

 

 

TILDE

 

 

127

07/15

177

7F

RUB

(Ctrl-?)

RUBOUT (DELETE)